Fundamentals Of Esthetics Rufenacht Pdf

Fundamentals Of Esthetics Rufenacht Pdf ->>->>->> https://blltly.com/2trptc

Designed to help practitioners develop esthetic judgment in response to increased emphasis on facial esthetics, this book addresses the fundamentals of esthetics, intraoral and extraoral means of rejuvenation, and esthetic restoration of the smile. A practical protocol of progressive esthetics is proposed, and an approach to occlusion aims at restoring functional stability and a youthful appearance.

Ceramic is widely acknowledge to be the most reliable material for esthetics and functional long term restorative treatment.However this material does not posses the same characteristics as natural teeth, exhibiting significant limitations in structure, color and surface texture.These differences require the dental ceramist to develop significant skill and in-depth knowledge of ceramic material to achieve the most natural-looking restorations.

The gingival tissues form the soft-tissue framework around every tooth. Healthy free gingiva extends from the free gingival margin coronally to the gingival groove apically, and it is keratinized and has a coral pink surface. The attached gingiva extends from the free gingival groove coronally to the mucogingival junction and has a coral pink color and firm texture. The attached gingiva is keratinized and can be highly stippled or smooth. The alveolar mucosa is apical to the mucogingival junction, with a loose and darker appearance [4]. The primary aim of periodontal therapy is to maintain the health as well as esthetic appearance of the gingiva. An irregular arrangement of the gingival tissues, despite being healthy, may diminish the outcome of all other treatment, resulting in a less than optimal esthetic outcome. In any esthetic treatment planning, the assessment of gingival tissues is essential and it may become desirable to establish a certain balance and symmetry of the gingival tissues to achieve a healthy and predictable final esthetic result. Assessment of gingival esthetics is of critical importance in patients with high lip lines, where the gingival margins are clearly visible, as well as for patients with high esthetic demands [5]. Treatment methods for developing gingival harmony may involve periodontal plastic surgery or orthodontics. Periodontal surgery may involve additive or resection gingival techniques, and orthodontics may involve extrusion or intrusion techniques. The various procedures and the treatment provided will ultimately depend on the underlying concern. Excess gingiva can be corrected using resection periodontal surgery techniques, such as the gingivectomy or crown lengthening surgery involving osseous recontouring of one or more teeth. Gingival recession can be corrected using additive periodontal surgical techniques, such as tissue grafts or guided tissue regeneration, or nonsurgically using orthodontic extrusion techniques [6-9]. Gingival esthetics relies on achieving a balance of gingival levels from the central incisors to the canines. The gingival architecture of the central incisor teeth should mirror one another. The gingival contour of the lateral incisors should lie more coronal to the central incisors and canines and be bilaterally symmetrical. This ideal scenario represents the Class 1 gingival height. Variations in the positioning of the gingival margin of the lateral incisors can occur; in Class 2 gingival height, the gingival contour of the lateral incisors lies apical to that of the central incisors and canines. The canines, in turn, should ideally have the level of the free gingival margin at the same height as the central incisor teeth and matching one another [10]. 1e1e36bf2d